Realted Themes : 6. Statistics

・An underlined word or phrase in bold-faced type is linked to the Glossary of the Russo-Japanese War. 　Statistical data are indispensable to understand history. In that sense, this corner is intended to provide statistic materials relating to the Russo-Japanese War and complement the tables and graphs related to the materials.
　If you examine data included in the official archives one after another, it will give you a good opportunity to review from new perspectives what Japan was like at the time of the Russo-Japanese War.

In this connection, the Center for Asian Historical Records stores the following materials.

1. Economic merits and demerits of Japanese diplomacy from Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to Manchurian Incident, November 1936 (11th year of Showa)
2. Fiscal 1903 extraordinary budget request for construction expense of naval ships and related bills
3. Preparing ammunitions for operations
4.Concerning adjustment of post-war era financial system

Please click the following image to see materials relating to the Russo-Japanese War and the statistics.

The Diplomatic Record Office of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan

Title: Economic merits and demerits of Japanese diplomacy from Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to Manchurian Incident, November 1936 (11th year of Showa)

Reference code: B02030010500

　It is a study report (provisional manuscript) complied by the Intelligence Dept. of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1936 (11th year of Showa). In summary, it is an analysis and criticism about external policies of Japan and mentions that "the results of territorial expansion policies since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895" brought about "absolutely foolish losses from the economic viewpoints".

　The material includes descriptions comparing the economic merits and demerits concerning external policies (4th and 5th images). By the descriptions, the report tells about the statement "What is the economic interest in the new territories?" and points out "it was taxpayers in general that expended 5.8 billion yen, it was loyal Japanese nationals that paid a sacrifice of 210,000 dead and wounded, and it was a small number of commercial and industrial businessmen engaged in colonial trades and investments who earned 200,000 yen at the nation’s huge sacrifices".

　The explanations can be summarized as the following charts:

（Unit: 100 million yen）

≪ Receipts and expenses in external policies≫
Receipts		Expenses
Trades with colonies * Receipts from colonies *	15.5 5.0	Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 Russo-Japanese War Siberian Intervention Subsidies to colonies* Military expenses to keep colonies*	2.7 20.0 4.9 7.6 23.0
Gross receipts:+20.5		Gross expenses:-58.2

[Notes]: "*" means cumulative figures from Sino-Japanese War to 1934 (9th year of Showa).

（人）

≪ Number of dead and wounded ≫
	Sino-Japanese War	Russo-Japanese War	Siberian Intervention	Manchurian Incident (as of 1936, 11th year of Showa)
Number of dead person	977	55,655	1,540	2,891
Number of wounded person	3,335	144,352	2,671	6,694

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Source: National Archives of Japan (NAJ)

Title: Fiscal 1903 extraordinary budget request for construction expense of naval ships and related bills

Reference code: A03023072700

　This is a document that analyzed the expansion of Japanese navy in the 30’s to 40’s of Meiji (1897 to 1916) from the viewpoints of budget. Japan expanded the navy since 1896 (29th year of Meiji), and this material describes that "100,001,499 yen" is needed to continue expansion after 1903 (36th year of Meiji), as total navy expenditure including expansion expenditure and ordinary expenditure.
　According to the material, the funds had been appropriated out of the reparations from Qing and government bonds, but it was "needed to look for some new sources of revenue as appropriate" (Original text in Katakana) in the future and it might be appropriate to use the revenue that gained by raising the land tax rate in 1899 (32nd year of Meiji).

　According to "Navy Expansion Expenditure" in the 21st image of the material, the expenditure (on Shipbuilding, Ordnance, Land and equipment, Maintenance, and Replenishments and reserves) of the Japanese navy in the later years of Meiji was as follows:

≪ Estimated budget amount for navy as of 1902 (35th year of Meiji) ≫
Fiscal year	Yen
1904 (37th year of Meiji) 1905 (38th year of Meiji) 1906 (39th year of Meiji) 1907 (40th year of Meiji) 1908 (41st year of Meiji) 1909 (42nd year of Meiji) 1910 (43rd year of Meiji) 1911 (44th year of Meiji) 1912 (45th year of Meiji, 1st year of Taisho) 1913 (2nd year of Taisho):）	6,701,078 　8,547,230 　9,038,563 10,970,137 12,844,146 12,301,352 13,151,815 14,713,708 14,736,592 　9,307,330

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Source: National Institute for Defense Studies, Ministry of Defense	Title: Preparing ammunitions for operations Reference code: C02030391200
	This is a report created by the Wartime Replenishment Survey Committee of the Ministry of Army in 1910 (43rd year of Meiji) after the Russo-Japanese War. The report includes a trial calculation of the estimated shell quantity for later wars "on the basis of the statistics of shell consumption in the Battle of Fengtian (Mukden)" (Original text in Katakana).

　The materials calculate the amount of shell demanded in future battles, considered to continue for about 3 weeks, on the assumption that, "judging from the case of the Battle of Fengtian (Mukden) continued for about 2 weeks, the future campaign would be more violent and longer than the Russo-Japanese War" (Original text in Katakana) (20th to 23rd images). The content is as follows:

≪ The consumption of bullets and shells at the Russo-Japanese War and that future battles ≫
Battle	Quantity of rifles;	Consumption of bullets （per rifle）		Number of Cannon	Consumption of shells （per rifle）
Battle	Quantity of rifles;	per rifle	Total consumption quantity	Number of Cannon	per artillery	Total consumption quantity
Battle of Fengtian (Mukden) Battle of Yalu River Battle of Mt. Motianling Battle of Nanshan Battle of Delisi Battle of Gaiping Battle of Dashiqiao Battle of Tuomucheng	189,632 28,800 28,800 28,000 28,000 37,600 37,600 19,200	113 38 56 83 46 14 8 21	21,269,358 1,097,693 1,597,988 2,332,728 1,273,895 527,058 306,513 399,346	744* 108 108 216 216 144 258 72	383* 44 60 162 76 14 88 93	285,051* 4,737 6,503 34,881 16,385 1,967 22,760 6,699
(Assumed) demanded resource for future battles	457,976	170**	77,855,920**	1,608***	600***	964,800***

[Notes]: "*" means field artillery only. "**" means machine guns excluded. "***" means field artillery and cavalry artillery only.

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Source: National Archives of Japan (NAJ)

Title: Concerning adjustment of post-war era financial system

Reference code: A03023073700 　

　This is a report on redemption of government bonds as submitted to Prime Minister Katsura by Sone Arasuke, Minister of Finance in September 1905 (38th year of Meiji). The report describes that the issuance of Japanese government bonds (including estimated future issuance) would amount to 1,673 million yen and asserts that the redemption plan would "be critical to the fate of the country and need an urgent decision on post-war financial regulations".

　According to explanations in Page 16 of the material, the then situations of Japanese government bonds were as shown below: 　
　With regard to the redemption of government bonds, Katsura Taro, Minister of Finance in 1908 (41st year of Meiji) stated in "General policy on fiscal plan" (Reference code: A03023074800) that "Unless we reduce expenditure and reestablish the financial basis, extremely critical issues would be caused on the future of the country."

（Yen）

≪ Calculation of government bond redemption in 1905 (38th year of Meiji) ≫
Government bond issuance balance as of 1905 (38th year of Meiji) Estimated amount to be issued Total	1,293,446,800 380,000,000 1,673,446,800
If the government bonds are calculated by "30-year principal and interest redemption method" at an average interest rate of 5% a year, the principal and interest would be as follows:
Principal Interest (grand total) Total	1,673,446,800 1,592,356,617 3,265,803,477
In comparison, the Japanese budget in Fiscal Year 1905 (38th year of Meiji) was as follows: The reference is made to the material of the Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, "Original script signed by the Emperor, 1905, budget 1904, December 31, the total annual revenue and expenditure budget of 1905 and the special accounting annual revenue and expenditure budget of the same fiscal year" (Reference code: A03020651000)
Total revenue Total expenditure	304,333,998 210,524,436

For your reference, the Japanese government financial situations in FY2004 (16th year of Heisei) are shown as follows: (in unit of 100 million yen)
Total revenue budget of General Accounting Total expenditure budget of General Accounting Government bonds, borrowings and government guarantee liabilities	821,109 825,145 7,031,478
The reference is made to "Kokuko Sainyu-Saishutsu Jyokyo. (Situations of national treasury revenue and expenditure)" Ministry of Finance Japan. Retrieved August 12, 2004 (http://www.mof.go.jp/jouhou/syukei/sainyu.htm) and "Central Government Debt ''Outstanding Government Bonds and Borrowings." Ministry of Finance Japan. Retrieved August 12, 2004 (http://www.mof.go.jp/english/e1c020.htm) at Ministry of Finance Japan (http://www.mof.go.jp/). The Revenue Budget and the Expenditure Budget are the current data as of end April, 2004 (16th year of Heisei). Government bonds, borrowings and government guarantee liabilities are the current data as of end March 2004 (16th year of Heisei). Rounded to the unit of 100 million yen.）

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