Portrait photograph under preparation

　 Li Hongzhang is a statesman at the closing days of Qing Dynasty. He organized　Huai army at the time of the Taiping Rebellion and held important posts later as Governor General of Zhili Province and Beiyang Minister concurrently. Beiyang Forces under his command was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and Li Hongzhang signed the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty at the Shimonoseki Peace Conference as the Chinese plenipotentiary. Li Hongzhang died at the age of 78 after signing the final protocol on the Boxer Uprising in 1901 (34th year of Meiji).

As for underlined characters in the texts or chronological tables, small type is linked with related materials and bold-faced type is linked with the glossary, respectively.

Year Occurrence
1823 (6th year of Bunsei) Born in Hefei of Anhui Province, China.
1847 (4th year of Koka) Passed "keji"examination system and employed as "jinshi" (candidate of bureaucrat).
1858 (5th year of Ansei) Nominated as staff officer of Zeng Guofan, commander of Xiang army.
1862 (2nd year of Bunkyu) Appointed as Xunfu (Governor of Province) of Jiangsu Province. He organized Huai army and suppressed the Taiping Rebellion.
1870 (3rd year of Meiji) Appointed as Governor General of Zhili Province, and Li Hongzhang held the position for the following 25 years.
1894 (27th year of Meiji) The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 broke out.
1895 (28th year of Meiji)

Signed the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty.

Title: The script signed by the Emperor, the Peace Treaty between Japan and Qing and additional provisions.
 Reference code: A03020213100
　This is the original script of the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty ratified and promulgated by Emperor Meiji. The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty was signed by Ito Hirobumi and Mutsu Munemitsu as Japanese plenipotentiaries, and Li Hongzhang and Li Jingfang, Qing plenipotentiaries, at Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
(Source: National Archives of Japan (NAJ))

1896 (29th year of Meiji)

Concluded Sino-Russian Secret Treaty of 1896.
(Pages 356 to 358, Volume 2 of Japanese pocket edition of "Saka no ue no Kumo")

Title: A section of the Memoirs of Count Witte (Memoirs of Count Witte) to explain details of the Russia-Qing Secret Treaty in 1896
 Reference code: B03030297600
　This is the translation of the Memoirs of Count Witte (Memoirs of Count Witte), Russian Minister of Finance. It records the negotiations between Li Hongzhang and Witte over the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty of 1896.
(Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan)

1901 (34th year of Meiji)

Signed the final protocol of the Boxer Uprising.
(Pages 359 to 369, Volume 2 of Japanese pocket edition of "Saka no ue no Kumo")
　Li Hongzhang died in two months after signing the protocol at the age of 78.

Title: Final protocol concerning to Boxer rebellion in 1901 (34th year of Meiji).
 Reference code: B02130014500
　The final protocol of the the Boxer Uprising was concluded in Beijing in September 1901 between Qing and the foreign nations concerned this uprising (34th year of Meiji). Li Hongzhang signed the protocol as "Plenipotentiary of Qing".
(Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan)