Source: Matsuyama City Office, Ehime Prefecture

　Akiyama Yoshifuru is the person who contributed to the foundation of the Japanese Army Cavalry. He took an active part in the Battle of Heigoutai, the Battle of Fengtian (Mukden) during the Russo-Japanese War. Akiyama Yoshifuru was promoted to Army General in 1916 (5th year of Taisho) and was transferred to the first reserve in 1923 (12th year of Taisho). He died in 1930 (5th year of Showa) at the age of 71.
　The Japan Center for Asian Historical Records retains the materials relating to Akiyama Yoshifuru.
  As for underlined characters in the texts or chronological tables, small type is linked with related materials and bold-faced type is linked with the glossary, respectively.

Year Occurrence
1859 (6th year of Ansei) Born in Matsuyama, current Ehime Prefecture.
1877 (10th year of Meiji) Entered the Military Academy.
1887 (20th year of Meiji)）

Went to France to study.
　The travel of Captain Akiyama to study in France gave precious opportunities of information-gathering to the Japanese army that had little experience in cavalry operations.
(Pages 248 to 279, Volume 1 of Japanese pocket edition of "Saka no ue no Kumo")

Title: Cabinet decision on the travel of Cavalry Captain Akiyama going to France to study on his own expenses.
 Reference code: C03030247200
　It is the notification of the Cabinet decision for permitting Akiyama Yoshifuru going to France to study on his own expenses.
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

1893 (26th year of Meiji) Appointed as Commanding Officer of the 1st Cavalry Battalion.
1901 (34th year of Meiji)

Appointed as Commanding Officer of the Japanese Stationary Force in China.
　Colonel Akiyama as commander investigated the situations of Qing and established friendship with Yuan Shikai who was a political leader of Qing.

Title: Report on inspection of Mongol
 Reference code: C02030273300
　This is an investigation report summarized by Akiyama Yoshifuru about the eastern part of Mongol.
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

Title: General Staff Office: Report by Major General Akiyama
Reference code: C03022791900
　This is an excerpt of the report on Akiyama Yoshifuru’s interview with Yuan Shikai who was Governor-General of Zhili Province.
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

1903 (36th year of Meiji)

Appointed as Commanding Officer of the 1st Cavalry Brigade.
　Major General Akiyama was dispatched to Russia to inspect the maneuvers of Russian Army.
(Pages 113 to 115, Volume 3 of Japanese pocket edition of "Saka no ue no Kumo")

Title: Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Dispatch of officers to observe the field exercises in Amur Province.
 Reference code: C03022799600
　This is an official document for dispatching Akiyama Yoshifuru and another person of the 1st Cavalry Brigade at the invitation of Russia for inspecting the field exercises of the Russian Army.
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

　Major General Akiyama inspected the actual situations of Russian army and wrote a detailed report on the inspection.
(Pages 124 to 125, Volume 3 of Japanese pocket edition of "Saka no ue no Kumo")

Title: Report by Major General Akiyama and Major Oba dispatched to Nikolisk
 Reference code: C03022813900
　This is a report on the dispatch of Akiyama Yoshifuru to the Fort Nikolisk of Russian Empire. The content quoted from the report is in the "Saka no ue no Kumo".
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

1906 (39th year of Meiji) Appointed as Inspector General of Cavalry.
1916 (5th year of Taisho)

Appointed as Army General.

Title: Army lieutenant general Akiyama Yoshifuru appointed as the Army General
 Reference code: A03023403100
　This is a report to the Emperor on nominating Akiyama Yoshifuru and two other officers as army generals, together with a written recommendation from Army Minister Oshima to Prime Minister Terauchi as attachment to the report to the Emperor.
(Source: National Archives of Japan (NAJ))

1920 (9th year of Taisho)

Appointed as Inspector General of Military Training.

Title: Draft of Cavalry Regulation Manual
 Reference code: C02031069600
　This is an official document indicating the situations concerning the inspection of the compilation of "Kihei-Soten (the Cavalry Drill Regulations)" at the Inspectorate General of Military Training when Akiyama Yoshifuru was Inspector General of Military Training.
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

1923 (12th year of Taisho)

Registered on a reserve list.

Title: Distributing draft of Infantry Regulation Manual
 Reference code: C02031127200
　This is an official document on the draft of "Hohei-Soten (The Infantry Drill Regulations)" in which General Akiyama was involved just before he was registered in the reserve list. This contains the signature and the hand-written seal of Army General Yamanashi.
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

1924 (13th year of Taisho):

Appointed as principal of the Private Hokuyo Middle School (predecessor of the Matsuyama Kita High School).
(Page 290, Volume 8 of Japanese pocket edition of "Saka no ue no Kumo")

Title: Disposal of model 30 cavalry rifles
 Reference code: C03011068100
　This is a document inquiring the Army Minister about disposal of cavalry rifles to the Private Hokuyo Middle School (predecessor of the Matsuyama Kita High School) for shooting exercise of students. It is dated 1918 (7th year of Taisho), the previous year of appointment of Akiyama Yoshifuru as principal of the school in Matsuyama.
(Source: National Institute for Defense Studies,
Ministry of Defense)

1930 (5th year of Showa) Died at the age of 71.